Labour Welfare in India: Indian Constitution and Protection of the Labour Rights

Abstract

Labour welfare constitutes a fundamental pillar of a democratic welfare state and is indispensable for ensuring the dignity, security, and socio-economic well-being of workers. This article examines the constitutional framework governing labour welfare and the protection of labour rights in India, highlighting the role of the Preamble, Fundamental Rights, and Directive Principles of State Policy in shaping labour jurisprudence.

The paper explores statutory and non-statutory welfare measures, the responsibilities of employers and the State, and the emerging challenges posed by changing employment patterns, including gig and platform work. It concludes that although India possesses an extensive constitutional and legislative framework for labour protection, effective implementation, stronger institutional mechanisms, and policy adaptation to contemporary labour markets remain essential for achieving meaningful labour welfare and safeguarding workers' rights.